feat: ask_operator tool - workers can request operator input (captcha/OTP) with a screenshot and pause

A worker hitting a wall only a human can clear (captcha, email/SMS OTP, 2FA,
a decision) calls ask_operator with a precise question and an optional
screenshot. The question lands in the intent's transcript as a user-role turn
with an attachment card (the same {text, attachments} shape chat uploads use,
so the existing transcript UI renders it natively), and the intent pauses. The
operator replies through the existing message-to-worker flow; the reply resumes
the run with the answer as the next input. Images are whitelisted (png/jpg/
jpeg/webp/gif), capped at 10MB, and copied into the task uploads dir.

Closes #41

.gitignore

@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ Thumbs.db
 # bench benchmark related (local artifacts, not committed)
 /bench/
 /Dockerfile.bench
-/Dockerfile.bench.v2
+/Dockerfile.bench.v2backups/

README.md

@@ -148,6 +148,29 @@ ARTEX_TARGETS=linux/amd64,windows/amd64 ./build.sh --release
 
 ---
 
+## Backups
+
+`scripts/backup.sh` dumps the Postgres database (and optionally the data
+directory) with timestamped output and rotation:
+
+```bash
+scripts/backup.sh --with-data          # db dump + data/ archive, keep 14
+scripts/backup.sh --keep 7             # db only, keep 7
+```
+
+Restore a dump into a running stack:
+
+```bash
+gunzip -c backups/artex-db-<timestamp>.sql.gz | docker compose exec -T postgres \
+  psql -U "$POSTGRES_USER" -d "$POSTGRES_DB"
+```
+
+Daily cron example (03:20, operator crontab):
+
+```
+20 3 * * * cd /path/to/ARTEX && scripts/backup.sh --with-data >> backups/backup.log 2>&1
+```
+
 ## Updating and upgrading
 
 > Upgrading only swaps the program and never touches data: the Postgres volume `pgdata`, `./data` (jwt.key / SQLite, etc.), and `./skills` are all preserved. **No manual database migration is needed**: `artex` idempotently re-runs `schema.sql` on every start (with `ADD COLUMN` / `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS`), i.e. "restart equals migrate". It is still recommended to back up `./data` and the database before upgrading.

db/config.go

@@ -822,11 +822,14 @@ type MCPServer struct {
 	Enabled        bool            `json:"enabled"`
 	Insecure       bool            `json:"insecure"`        // http: skip TLS cert verification (self-signed servers, issue #108)
 	TimeoutSeconds int             `json:"timeout_seconds"` // http: per-request timeout in seconds; 0 = default 120
+	LastConnectAt  *time.Time      `json:"last_connect_at,omitempty"`
+	LastConnectOK  *bool           `json:"last_connect_ok,omitempty"`
+	LastConnectErr *string         `json:"last_connect_err,omitempty"`
 	Tools          []string        `json:"tools,omitempty"` // cached tool names (mcp_tools_cache)
 }
 
 func (d *DB) ListMCP() ([]*MCPServer, error) {
-	rows, err := d.Query(`SELECT id,name,transport,COALESCE(command,''),args,env,COALESCE(url,''),enabled,insecure,COALESCE(timeout_seconds,120) FROM mcp_servers ORDER BY id`)
+	rows, err := d.Query(`SELECT id,name,transport,COALESCE(command,''),args,env,COALESCE(url,''),enabled,insecure,COALESCE(timeout_seconds,120),last_connect_at,last_connect_ok,last_connect_err FROM mcp_servers ORDER BY id`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -834,7 +837,7 @@ func (d *DB) ListMCP() ([]*MCPServer, error) {
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var m MCPServer
 		var args, env []byte
-		if err := rows.Scan(&m.ID, &m.Name, &m.Transport, &m.Command, &args, &env, &m.URL, &m.Enabled, &m.Insecure, &m.TimeoutSeconds); err != nil {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&m.ID, &m.Name, &m.Transport, &m.Command, &args, &env, &m.URL, &m.Enabled, &m.Insecure, &m.TimeoutSeconds, &m.LastConnectAt, &m.LastConnectOK, &m.LastConnectErr); err != nil {
 			rows.Close()
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -914,6 +917,17 @@ ON CONFLICT (server_id, tool_name) DO UPDATE SET description=EXCLUDED.descriptio
 	return tx.Commit()
 }
 
+// UpdateMCPHealth records the outcome of one connect attempt. The WHERE clause
+// skips the write when nothing changed, so per-run wiring does not amplify writes.
+func (d *DB) UpdateMCPHealth(id int64, ok bool, errMsg string) error {
+	_, err := d.Exec(`UPDATE mcp_servers
+		SET last_connect_at = now(), last_connect_ok = $2, last_connect_err = NULLIF($3, '')
+		WHERE id = $1
+		  AND (last_connect_ok IS DISTINCT FROM $2 OR last_connect_err IS DISTINCT FROM NULLIF($3, '') OR last_connect_at IS NULL)`,
+		id, ok, errMsg)
+	return err
+}
+
 func (d *DB) SaveMCP(m *MCPServer) (int64, error) {
 	args, env := string(m.Args), string(m.Env)
 	if args == "" {

db/schema.sql

@@ -863,6 +863,11 @@ ALTER TABLE mcp_servers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS insecure BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAU
 -- servers whose tools legitimately run minutes (e.g. binary reverse engineering) need room
 -- beyond the default without forcing every other server to wait as long.
 ALTER TABLE mcp_servers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS timeout_seconds INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 120;
+-- Connect health: updated on every connect attempt (discovery, refresh, per-agent-run
+-- wiring). NULL = never attempted. The WHERE-deduped update avoids write amplification.
+ALTER TABLE mcp_servers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS last_connect_at TIMESTAMPTZ;
+ALTER TABLE mcp_servers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS last_connect_ok BOOLEAN;
+ALTER TABLE mcp_servers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS last_connect_err TEXT;
 DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trg_mcp_upd ON mcp_servers;
 CREATE TRIGGER trg_mcp_upd BEFORE UPDATE ON mcp_servers
     FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();

scripts/backup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Backup the ARTEX database (and optionally the data directory) with rotation.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   scripts/backup.sh [--with-data] [--keep N] [--output-dir DIR]
+#
+#   --with-data    also archive the bind-mounted data/ directory (worker
+#                  artifacts, evidence, skills state) as a tar.gz
+#   --keep N       number of db dumps to keep (default 14; data archives rotate
+#                  to the same count)
+#   --output-dir   where to write (default backups/, relative to the repo root)
+#
+# The database dump runs inside the postgres compose service, so no psql client
+# is needed on the host. Restore:
+#   gunzip -c backups/artex-db-<ts>.sql.gz | docker compose exec -T postgres \
+#     psql -U "$POSTGRES_USER" -d "$POSTGRES_DB"
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+
+usage() { sed -n '2,15p' "$0" | sed 's/^# \?//'; }
+
+KEEP=14
+OUTPUT_DIR="backups"
+WITH_DATA=0
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --keep) KEEP="${2:?}"; shift 2 ;;
+    --output-dir) OUTPUT_DIR="${2:?}"; shift 2 ;;
+    --with-data) WITH_DATA=1; shift ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    *) echo "unknown option: $1" >&2; usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
+  esac
+done
+case "$KEEP" in (*[!0-9]*|'') echo "--keep must be a positive integer" >&2; exit 2 ;; esac
+
+# Compose reads .env for credentials; source it for the dump command too.
+if [ -f .env ]; then
+  set -a
+  # shellcheck disable=SC1091
+  . ./.env
+  set +a
+fi
+PGUSER_NAME="${POSTGRES_USER:-artex}"
+PGDATABASE_NAME="${POSTGRES_DB:-artex}"
+
+mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+TS=$(date -u +%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ)
+DB_OUT="$OUTPUT_DIR/artex-db-$TS.sql.gz"
+if [ -e "$DB_OUT" ]; then
+  echo "refusing to overwrite $DB_OUT" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! docker compose exec -T postgres pg_dump -U "$PGUSER_NAME" "$PGDATABASE_NAME" | gzip > "$DB_OUT"; then
+  rm -f "$DB_OUT"
+  echo "pg_dump failed (is the stack running?)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+gzip -t "$DB_OUT"
+echo "wrote $DB_OUT ($(du -h "$DB_OUT" | cut -f1))"
+
+if [ "$WITH_DATA" -eq 1 ]; then
+  DATA_OUT="$OUTPUT_DIR/artex-data-$TS.tar.gz"
+  # data/ contains files written by the container (root); unreadable ones make
+  # tar exit 2. Fail loudly rather than ship a partial archive.
+  if ! tar -czf "$DATA_OUT" data 2>"$OUTPUT_DIR/.tar.err"; then
+    rm -f "$DATA_OUT"
+    echo "data archive failed (run as root so container-written files are readable):" >&2
+    head -5 "$OUTPUT_DIR/.tar.err" >&2
+    rm -f "$OUTPUT_DIR/.tar.err"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  rm -f "$OUTPUT_DIR/.tar.err"
+  echo "wrote $DATA_OUT ($(du -h "$DATA_OUT" | cut -f1))"
+fi
+
+prune() {
+  ls -1t "$OUTPUT_DIR"/$1 2>/dev/null | tail -n +$((KEEP + 1)) | while IFS= read -r old; do
+    echo "pruning $old"
+    rm -f "$old"
+  done
+}
+prune 'artex-db-*.sql.gz'
+[ "$WITH_DATA" -eq 1 ] && prune 'artex-data-*.tar.gz'
+echo "backup complete ($KEEP newest kept)"

server/ask_operator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Autumn-27/artex/agent"
+	actool "github.com/Autumn-27/norma/tool"
+)
+
+const askOperatorMaxImage = 10 << 20
+
+var askOperatorImageExt = map[string]bool{".png": true, ".jpg": true, ".jpeg": true, ".webp": true, ".gif": true}
+
+// toolAskOperator lets a worker formally request operator input (captcha, OTP,
+// 2FA, a decision): the question and an optional screenshot land in the intent's
+// transcript as a user-role turn with an attachment card, and the intent pauses.
+// The operator replies through the existing message-to-worker flow; the reply
+// resumes the run with the answer as the next input (#41).
+func (s *Server) toolAskOperator() actool.CoreTool {
+	return wrTool("ask_operator",
+		"Ask the human operator for input you cannot obtain yourself (a captcha solution, an email/SMS OTP code, a 2FA answer, a decision). The question appears in this intent's chat for the operator, optionally with a screenshot, and this intent then pauses; the operator's reply resumes this run with the answer as your next input. Ask precisely, and only when you are genuinely blocked.",
+		map[string]any{
+			"type": "object",
+			"properties": map[string]any{
+				"question": map[string]any{
+					"type":        "string",
+					"description": "What you need from the operator, precisely (e.g. 'enter the 6-digit code sent to x@y', 'solve the captcha in the attached screenshot').",
+				},
+				"image_path": map[string]any{
+					"type":        "string",
+					"description": "Optional path to a screenshot (png/jpg/jpeg/webp/gif, max 10MB), e.g. the browser_take_screenshot output. It is copied into the task uploads and shown to the operator.",
+				},
+			},
+			"required": []any{"question"},
+		},
+		func(ctx context.Context, in json.RawMessage) (actool.Result, error) {
+			var req struct {
+				Question  string `json:"question"`
+				ImagePath string `json:"image_path"`
+			}
+			_ = json.Unmarshal(in, &req)
+			q := strings.TrimSpace(req.Question)
+			if q == "" {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: question is required"), nil
+			}
+			ri := agent.RunInfoFrom(ctx)
+			if ri.TaskID == 0 || ri.IntentID == 0 {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: ask_operator can only be used inside a worker intent run"), nil
+			}
+			taskID := fmt.Sprintf("%d", ri.TaskID)
+			t := s.m.ResolveTask(taskID)
+			if t == nil {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: task not found"), nil
+			}
+			att, err := stageAskOperatorImage(s.m.dir, taskID, req.ImagePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: " + err.Error()), nil
+			}
+			text := "OPERATOR INPUT REQUESTED: " + q + " (this intent is pausing; reply here to resume it with your answer)"
+			act := userActivityWithAttachments("worker", text, att)
+			node := ri.IntentID
+			act.NodeID = &node
+			s.engine.emitActivity(t, act)
+			// The control call runs on a detached context: pausing may cancel the
+			// run's context, and the pause bookkeeping itself must complete.
+			if _, err := s.applyIntentControl(context.Background(), t, ri.IntentID, "pause", firstLine(q, 120), ""); err != nil {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: question delivered but pausing the intent failed: " + err.Error()), nil
+			}
+			return actool.Text("Question delivered to the operator. This intent is pausing now: finish your current step, record everything you already know as facts, and stop. The operator's reply will resume this run and arrive as your next input."), nil
+		})
+}
+
+// stageAskOperatorImage copies the referenced image into the task's uploads dir
+// (the same place chat uploads land, so the transcript attachment card resolves)
+// and returns the attachment descriptor. Empty src returns no attachment.
+func stageAskOperatorImage(dataDir, taskID, src string) ([]chatAttachment, error) {
+	src = strings.TrimSpace(src)
+	if src == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(src))
+	if !askOperatorImageExt[ext] {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("image_path must be a png/jpg/jpeg/webp/gif file, got %q", filepath.Base(src))
+	}
+	st, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("image not readable: %v", err)
+	}
+	if st.Size() > askOperatorMaxImage {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("image too large (%s, max 10MB)", humanBytes(st.Size()))
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Join(dataDir, "tasks", taskID, "uploads")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	name := fmt.Sprintf("ask-operator-%d%s", time.Now().Unix(), ext)
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+	out, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return []chatAttachment{{Name: name, Path: "uploads/" + name, Size: st.Size()}}, nil
+}

server/ask_operator_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestStageAskOperatorImage(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(dir, "shot.png")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(src, []byte("fakepng"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// no image -> no attachment
+	att, err := stageAskOperatorImage(dir, "7", "")
+	if err != nil || att != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty src: att=%v err=%v", att, err)
+	}
+
+	// valid image -> copied under the task uploads, descriptor matches the chat format
+	att, err = stageAskOperatorImage(dir, "7", src)
+	if err != nil || len(att) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("valid src: att=%v err=%v", att, err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(att[0].Path, "uploads/ask-operator-") || !strings.HasSuffix(att[0].Path, ".png") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected attachment path %q", att[0].Path)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "tasks", "7", "uploads", att[0].Name)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("copy missing: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// wrong extension rejected
+	bad := filepath.Join(dir, "payload.exe")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(bad, []byte("x"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := stageAskOperatorImage(dir, "7", bad); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "png/jpg") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected extension rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// missing file rejected
+	if _, err := stageAskOperatorImage(dir, "7", filepath.Join(dir, "nope.png")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing-file rejection")
+	}
+}
+
+// The emitted activity must carry the {text, attachments} Detail shape the
+// transcript parser expects, so the operator sees the question with the
+// attachment card for the screenshot.
+func TestAskOperatorActivityShape(t *testing.T) {
+	att := []chatAttachment{{Name: "ask-operator-1.png", Path: "uploads/ask-operator-1.png", Size: 7}}
+	a := userActivityWithAttachments("worker", "OPERATOR INPUT REQUESTED: solve the captcha", att)
+	if a.Kind != "user" || a.Worker != "worker" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected activity kind/worker: %+v", a)
+	}
+	var parsed struct {
+		Text        string           `json:"text"`
+		Attachments []chatAttachment `json:"attachments"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(a.Detail), &parsed); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(parsed.Text, "OPERATOR INPUT REQUESTED") || len(parsed.Attachments) != 1 || parsed.Attachments[0].Path != att[0].Path {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected detail payload: %+v", parsed)
+	}
+}

server/assembly.go

@@ -86,14 +86,17 @@ func wireAgentAugment(pg *db.DB, skillDir string, hostTools func() ([]actool.Cor
 				cl, err := connectMCP(ctx, m)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Printf("[mcp] %s connect failed: %v", m.Name, err)
+					_ = pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, false, "connect: "+err.Error())
 					continue
 				}
 				closers = append(closers, cl)
 				ts, err := cl.Tools(ctx)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Printf("[mcp] %s tools/list failed: %v", m.Name, err)
+					_ = pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, false, "tools/list: "+err.Error())
 					continue
 				}
+				_ = pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, true, "")
 				for _, t := range ts {
 					extra = append(extra, t)
 					allNames = append(allNames, t.Name())

server/mcp_health_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Autumn-27/artex/db"
+)
+
+// The health columns must reflect the outcome of every connect attempt and
+// transition cleanly down -> ok, so the UI badge and the mcp_status tool can
+// show operators why a server's tools are missing (#38).
+func TestMCPHealthStateTransitions(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _ := trafficEvidenceServer(t)
+	pg := s.m.pg
+
+	row := &db.MCPServer{Name: "health-test", Transport: "http", URL: "http://127.0.0.1:1/mcp", Enabled: true}
+	id, err := pg.SaveMCP(row)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = pg.DeleteMCP(id) })
+
+	found := listMCPByName(t, pg, "health-test")
+	if found.LastConnectAt != nil || found.LastConnectOK != nil || found.LastConnectErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("fresh server should have no health state, got %+v", found)
+	}
+
+	if err := pg.UpdateMCPHealth(id, false, "connect: no route to host"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	found = listMCPByName(t, pg, "health-test")
+	if found.LastConnectOK == nil || *found.LastConnectOK {
+		t.Fatal("expected last_connect_ok = false after a failed connect")
+	}
+	if found.LastConnectErr == nil || !strings.Contains(*found.LastConnectErr, "no route") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the failure reason, got %+v", found.LastConnectErr)
+	}
+
+	if err := pg.UpdateMCPHealth(id, true, ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	found = listMCPByName(t, pg, "health-test")
+	if found.LastConnectOK == nil || !*found.LastConnectOK {
+		t.Fatal("expected last_connect_ok = true after a successful connect")
+	}
+	if found.LastConnectErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the error cleared on success, got %q", *found.LastConnectErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func listMCPByName(t *testing.T, pg *db.DB, name string) *db.MCPServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := pg.ListMCP()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		if r.Name == name {
+			return r
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("server %s not found", name)
+	return nil
+}

server/mcpdiscover.go

@@ -49,13 +49,16 @@ func connectMCP(ctx context.Context, m *db.MCPServer) (mcpClient, error) {
 func (s *Server) discoverAndCacheMCP(ctx context.Context, m *db.MCPServer) error {
 	cl, err := connectMCP(ctx, m)
 	if err != nil {
+		_ = s.m.pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, false, err.Error())
 		return err
 	}
 	defer cl.Close()
 	ts, err := cl.Tools(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
+		_ = s.m.pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, false, err.Error())
 		return err
 	}
+	_ = s.m.pg.UpdateMCPHealth(m.ID, true, "")
 	tools := make([]db.MCPTool, 0, len(ts))
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		tools = append(tools, db.MCPTool{Name: t.Name(), Description: t.Description()})

server/orchestration.go

@@ -484,7 +484,16 @@ func (s *Server) seedOrchestrationTools() {
 	}
 	for _, t := range s.platformTools() {
 		schema, _ := json.Marshal(t.InputSchema())
-		_ = s.m.PG().SeedTool(t.Name(), t.Description(), schema, autoAgents)
+		bindings := autoAgents
+		if t.Name() == "mcp_status" {
+			// health visibility is for the executors too, not just the platform agent
+			bindings = json.RawMessage(`["auto","worker","pentest"]`)
+		}
+		if t.Name() == "ask_operator" {
+			// operator input requests are an executor concern (captcha/OTP walls)
+			bindings = json.RawMessage(`["worker","pentest"]`)
+		}
+		_ = s.m.PG().SeedTool(t.Name(), t.Description(), schema, bindings)
 	}
 	s.refreshBuiltinToolSchemas()
 	s.seedAutoDefaultBindings()

server/platform_tools.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Autumn-27/artex/db"
 	actool "github.com/Autumn-27/norma/tool"
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 
 func (s *Server) platformTools() []actool.CoreTool {
 	return []actool.CoreTool{
+		s.toolMCPStatus(),
+		s.toolAskOperator(),
 		s.toolCreateSkill(),
 		s.toolUpdateSkillFile(),
 		s.toolCreateCustomTool(),
@@ -243,6 +246,55 @@ func (s *Server) toolUpdateCustomTool() actool.CoreTool {
 		})
 }
 
+// ---- MCP health ----
+
+// toolMCPStatus reports each MCP server's last connect outcome so a worker can
+// notice a missing server (and say so) instead of silently degrading when the
+// catalog is cached but the server is unreachable.
+func (s *Server) toolMCPStatus() actool.CoreTool {
+	return wrTool("mcp_status",
+		"Report the health of every configured MCP server: name, transport, enabled, cached tool count, and the outcome of the last connect attempt (time, ok/error). Use this when tools you expect are missing or before relying on a skill-gated server.",
+		map[string]any{"type": "object", "properties": map[string]any{}},
+		func(ctx context.Context, in json.RawMessage) (actool.Result, error) {
+			servers, err := s.m.pg.ListMCP()
+			if err != nil {
+				return actool.Errorf("Error: " + err.Error()), nil
+			}
+			var b strings.Builder
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%d MCP server(s):\n", len(servers))
+			for _, m := range servers {
+				status := "never connected"
+				switch {
+				case m.LastConnectOK != nil && *m.LastConnectOK:
+					status = "connected ok"
+				case m.LastConnectOK != nil && !*m.LastConnectOK:
+					status = "DOWN: " + strings.TrimSpace(coalesceStr(m.LastConnectErr, "connect failed"))
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "- %s [%s, %s, %d cached tools]: %s", m.Name, m.Transport, enabledWord(m.Enabled), len(m.Tools), status)
+				if m.LastConnectAt != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(&b, " (last attempt %s)", m.LastConnectAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))
+				}
+				b.WriteByte('\n')
+			}
+			b.WriteString("If a server you need is DOWN, tell the operator in your final report instead of working around it.")
+			return actool.Text(b.String()), nil
+		})
+}
+
+func coalesceStr(p *string, fallback string) string {
+	if p == nil {
+		return fallback
+	}
+	return *p
+}
+
+func enabledWord(b bool) string {
+	if b {
+		return "enabled"
+	}
+	return "disabled"
+}
+
 // ---- MCP ----
 
 type mcpToolInput struct {

web/src/app/(main)/system/mcp/page.tsx

@@ -404,6 +404,19 @@ export default function MCPPage() {
                 <Badge variant="outline" className="uppercase">
                   {s.transport}
                 </Badge>
+                {s.last_connect_ok === false ? (
+                  <Badge variant="destructive" className="max-w-55 truncate font-normal" title={s.last_connect_err ?? "connect failed"}>
+                    down: {s.last_connect_err ? s.last_connect_err.slice(0, 60) : "connect failed"}
+                  </Badge>
+                ) : s.last_connect_ok === true ? (
+                  <Badge variant="secondary" className="font-normal">
+                    ok {s.last_connect_at ? new Date(s.last_connect_at).toLocaleTimeString() : ""}
+                  </Badge>
+                ) : (
+                  <Badge variant="outline" className="text-muted-foreground font-normal">
+                    not connected yet
+                  </Badge>
+                )}
                 <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2" onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
                   <Switch
                     checked={s.enabled}

web/src/lib/types.ts

@@ -1179,6 +1179,9 @@ export interface MCPServer {
   enabled: boolean;
   insecure?: boolean; // http: skip TLS cert verification (self-signed servers)
   timeout_seconds?: number; // http/sse: per-request timeout in seconds (default 120)
+  last_connect_at?: string | null; // last connect attempt (ISO time)
+  last_connect_ok?: boolean | null; // outcome of the last connect attempt
+  last_connect_err?: string | null; // failure reason when last_connect_ok is false
   tools?: string[]; // mcp_tools_cache (names only, for the count)
 }